Should School Students Do Part Time Jobs free essay sample

Low Yee Ching 5S1 In my supposition, I concur that younger students ought to be permitted to work after school. Let me disclose to you why I suspect as much. Initially, younger students these days are free after school. Along these lines, they ought to be permitted to work after school so they won't get the opportunity to engage in any wrongdoing. In addition, they can figure out how to be free while functioning. This is on the grounds that they generally anticipate that everything should be set up for them. Thus, it is a decent possibility for them to figure out how to complete their every day lives with no assistance. It is exceptionally valuable to them when they step out into the entangled working society. Moreover, there are many younger students who originate from helpless families. In the family, their dads are the main providers. Their pocket cash isn't sufficient for them to do their every day exercises. At the point when their folks experience monetary imperatives, their pocket cash is diminished. We will compose a custom exposition test on Should School Students Do Part Time Jobs or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In this way, they take on low maintenance employments to win more pocket cash and furthermore to diminish the weight of the family. Besides, younger students can likewise figure out how to deal with their time well among examining and working. They should design a plan for their investigations and do their correction by following the calendar. This is to guarantee that they pass their assessments with great outcomes. They are prepared to utilize their time carefully in light of the fact that time is extremely valuable. Also, younger students can get progressively significant working encounters while making some part-memories work. They meet numerous new companions and help each other at whatever point someone needs some assistance. Other than this, they additionally figure out how to speak with the clients. They get the opportunity to speak with various characters and therefore, get the chance to improve their informative abilities. Aside from that, younger students can likewise figure out how to be progressively dependable while functioning. They should complete their work on schedule and attempt their best to make it great. This can assist them with taking on their duties all the more genuinely. In addition, they are allowed the chance to clean their initiative abilities. They need to lead the gatherings to finish their work and furthermore to perform well. Taking everything into account, I feel that younger students ought to be permitted to work after school as they can learn numerous things while undertaking low maintenance work. We should allow them to attempt since they are the spines of our nation later on.

Using Elementary Examples In Argumentative Essays

Using Elementary Examples In Argumentative EssaysArgumentative essays should be interesting and should include elementary examples. An example is used to help convey a certain idea in a short and simple manner. It also serves as a guide for the writer and his classmates when making his argument.The argumentative essay is an important part of the curriculum and in today's fast paced world, teachers should provide this kind of knowledge to students. This will help students understand how to use arguments properly and they will have a better understanding of what is presented in their worksheet. Students should not feel that they cannot create an argument, as long as they know how to use basic words and the basics of writing. However, to succeed in writing an argumentative essay, it is important to have elementary samples to draw from.When creating an argumentative essay, teachers can take elementary samples from a variety of sources to include in the writing process. Some of these sour ces would be real life examples such as real situations, television shows, or even books. There are a lot of sources to choose from when looking for elementary examples for argumentative essay. One of the best sources would be real life situations that could easily be interpreted by students.Students could look for elementary examples from movies or from television programs that are still on the air. If a TV show is going off the air, students can always look for an old episode that was still on. These episodes are usually not aired on regular television, so it is important that students have some basis for the examples they are using in their essay.Students can also use elementary samples from real-life situations or from other sources that are not real life. For example, students could use movie examples or anecdotes to illustrate certain points that they want to make. There are a lot of ways that they can use elementary examples to make their argument stronger.Creating an argumen tative essay is easier than most teachers would expect. They could look for elementary examples that are relevant to the topic that they are trying to cover. For example, they could look for an argument that pertains to an educational problem in their classroom. This way, they can be sure that they are covering all the bases before writing the final draft.It is important that teachers provide elementary examples in their argumentative essays because it helps the students understand how to use arguments properly. It is very easy to make a mistake while arguing. Without the proper facts, it is much harder to make a persuasive argument. There is nothing more frustrating than a student who has made a valid point but without a little help from the materials provided, it is almost impossible to make a good argument.In order to make an argumentative essay, teachers need to include some elementary examples in the writing process. The examples should be easy to understand and include basic, yet relevant information that students can use in the essay. Using elementary examples will help students learn the proper way to present an argument and it will help them make their arguments stronger.

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool Did you know that Forbes.com reports that the Department of Education has granted nearly $250 million of every a push to guarantee that improvement of early training programs, preschool, keep on besting serve kids from low-and moderate-pay families? This is one case of the Presidents long-standing intend to offer free, all inclusive pre-school for these families. Notwithstanding, President Trumps most recent spending plan for 2019 instruction gives off an impression of being lessening fundingâ for schools. As we probably am aware, in President Obamas 2013 State of the Union location he uncovered his arrangement for general Pre-K or pre-kindergarten training for four-year-olds. His arrangement would ensure kids whose family unit salary is at or underneath 200% of the destitution line a free pre-K instruction with neighborhood schools and nearby accomplices, and their educators would have a similar preparing as K-12 instructors. What's more, the projects would offer a considerable lot of the advantages of tuition based school pre-kindergarten programs, including little class sizes, high grown-up to-youngster proportions, and appraisal of the projects gave. The program would likewise extend the quantity of entire day kindergarten programs accessible. Anxiety in Regards to the Future of Early Childhood Education In any case, in spite of these progressions, there is disquiet because of the new authority of our country coming; numerous individuals are uncertain about the eventual fate of youth programs. Betsy DeVos has been picked by President Donald Trump to assume the job of Education Secretary, and her situation on pre-school financing isn't clear; the equivalent can be said for the President. Accordingly, there are some who are awkward with the vulnerability, and the most recent spending advancements are not alieviating fears.â Why Pre-Kindergarten is So Important While numerous tuition based schools offer top notch pre-kindergarten projects and entire day kindergartens, giving advancing instructive chances to kids under age 6, numerous kids who go to state funded schools, especially youngsters living in destitution, don't approach these projects. As indicated by the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 28% of 4-year-olds were selected a pre-kindergarten program in the 2011-2012 school year, which speaks to an expansion over the 14% of four-year-olds who did as such in 2002. However, pre-kindergarten programs are basic to children’s long haul achievement, and specialists at NIEER have archived that youngsters who have been tried out top notch pre-kindergarten programs enter kindergarten with better vocabularies and further developed pre-perusing and math aptitudes than kids who don’t approach these projects. Children took on pre-k programs aren’t simply figuring out how to perceive letters and numbers; they are likewise learning basic social aptitudes and the significance of working autonomously in the study hall. Through great pre-k programs, they build up the certainty to take on further developed study hall work. Numerous kids battle with social abilities and conduct issues in kindergarten, and numerous youngsters are even kicked out of kindergarten. Pre-kindergarten programs are basic in showing kids the social abilities they requirement for later evaluations, not simply the scholarly aptitudes. Pre-K Benefits Last a Lifetime The advantages of pre-kindergarten training last well past kindergarten. As per explore directed by NIEER, there are astounding long haul financial advantages from youth training for youngsters in destitution. For instance, life-time income of certain youngsters increment by a huge number of dollars, and the financial matters advantages of these projects exceed the expenses by a factor of up to 16 (in certain projects). Also, such projects show that members have lower crime percentages and diminished paces of government assistance reliance as grown-ups, so the advantages of youth instruction can endure forever. As per the White House Fact Sheet on Obama’s instructive arrangement, kids from low-pay families are less inclined to approach pre-kindergarten projects, and working class families likewise battle to bear the cost of private pre-school programs, yet these projects are basic to children’s long haul school achievement. Kids from low-salary families who are not perusing at grade level by third grade are multiple times more averse to move on from secondary school. As per the Fact Sheet from the White House, just 60% of American youngsters approach entire day kindergarten programs, yet these projects are additionally basic to showing kids abilities basic aptitudes for later scholastic achievement. Pre-kindergarten programs are a promising method to lessen grown-up neediness in this nation and to give the fundamental abilities laborers need as grown-ups. Working with in danger kids in the essential or center school years might be past the point of no return, and keeping in mind that non-public schools offer top notch pre-school and early instruction programs, inquire about investigations have archived the need to grow these projects to state-financed programs the nation over. Article refreshed by Stacy Jagodowski

The Relation Of Gender To Development And Society - 275 Words

The Relation Of Gender To Development And Society (Essay Sample) Content: Jiewen TanWR 121 - Tiwari03/05/2018The Relation of Gender to development and SocietyThe issue of femininity and masculinity has often discussed how people relate or look at things. This draws the question; does gender define a society and any aspect of development in the ever-growing world? People define a woman by excluding everything which is non-woman and man by excluding what is non-man (Wilchins 36). This begs the question as to whether people can define society, progress, or culture without regarding the issue of gender, especially on the lines of femininity and masculinity. People should constantly ask, what is the importance of gender to a community? Can people attain progress through efficiency in communication? If so, is the concept of exclusion limiting development? These questions will offer a more definite focus on the main topic and present more ideas on how to achieve progress.Wilchins argues that a modernist perspective requires people to solve the pro blems presented by genders, bodies, and desires. This argument presents a perspective that there are universal aspects that influence growth. It is imperative to try and focus on this issue on the lines of what gender offers and how it influences society and development. Therefore, one should consider things such as rules and regulations, job opportunities, and chores. People pay a lot of attention to the issue of feminism; there are studies on feminism about postmodernism (Wilchins 35). People should try to understand why the issue of feminism is so important and why it has to be constantly addressed. People should further question the exclusion of this issue. It is important to try and come up with a perspective of what would happen to the world if people paid little attention to issues of gender or even no constant projects were advocating for femininity.Wilchins argue that gender is a language which extensively focuses on power and sexuality (35). While trying to understand the essence of gender to society and development, it is important to understand that gender can be applied to almost anything. Therefore, it is important to engage in a discussion about the essence of gender with a lot of regards to the fact that even language is divided into gender lines. There are languages which describe certain words on the grounds of femininity or masculinity: Wilchins states that bowls and boats are regarded as feminine in Spanish and French Romance languages (35). It is important to consider different views on the issue of gender about a community and its development. People will benefit the most from any initiatives incorporated in the community. Therefore, it is vital to understand how to embrace the differences in gender and define gender with an aspect of inclusion rather than exclusion.Wilchins presents a unique argument about language stating that it favors the same and what is unique. This points out to the differences between men and women. He further out lines that people develop ideas on what is perfectly feminine or masculine and thus a lot of activities are defined on these grounds (36). This detailed focus on masculinity and femininity derives the constant question of the essence of gender and what it means to a society. It is vital to focus on the essence of gender and how its impact on the world. This may require looking at some of the developments and inventions and how people relate to them, whether it is on gender lines or any other aspects. Language and gender closely relate, and thus it is imperative to understand the essence of language in any setting. This will essentially outline the vital aspects of a community and everything that relates to them. It is critical to have diverse ideas in any argument and thus one can look at the pros and cons of language and relate them to the aspect of gender and its influence.Smiths outline the essence of sensitivity. He states that people are defined by their feelings, and these fee lings mostly determine how they behave, act, or react (Smith). He suggests that a law must be right to obey or wrong to disobey and further points that a man may comfort a woman and understand her pain but he cannot conceive to feeling that pain. The issue of sensitivity tends to divide people into the aspects of masculinity and femininity. Pain and pleasure are objects of aversion and desire, and thus some people who will be more vulnerable to them by gender. This further shows the differences in gender and how they influence people. This ultimately shows that these influence the society and thus it is important to understand gender and how different qualities, sense, and feelings define a community.I find the idea by Wilchins about the issue of exclusion interesting and more welcome to this discussion. It is hard to fully describe the world with little or no regards to people. Therefore, people will describe development about what people have done or the inventions they have creat ed. Wilchins argue that people define some concepts through exclusion whereby they define a chair by outlining what it is not. This shows that trying to define gender will infer defining a woman separately and a man separately which will ultimately focus on what they have done rather than what they are. The concept of exclusion defines the modern day communication where it is hard to have a comprehensive definition of anything. Therefore, the essence of gender is best understood by trying to exclude it and observing a society without it. This eventually points out to the differences in gender and how they shape the society.Smith focuses on sensitivity which he explains as a feeling by individuals. His argument shapes up any discussion which relates to gender since people will mostly react to the issues outlined due to their sentiments. For example, people fight against social injustices or inequalities because they feel that it is wrong and unacceptable. People act in the way they d o because they have feelings or innate feelings that guide their ideologies. Therefore, Smith offers a great perception on how to go about the issue of gender and society. The world is mostly defined by the people in it since they have the ability and capability to interact, communicate, develop, or even influence most activities. Therefore, sensitivity is a crucial concept in this engagement, and it crucially helps one have a more personal opinion depending on the facts.The different texts from both authors offer distinct opinions, but they closely relate in a larger scale. Smith suggests that people have different perceptions of what is acceptable and what is not. In simple terms, Smith shows the essence of perceptions and what they mean to people. It is easy to jump to conclusions, but it is also important to have solid reasons. Smith does not pick out the issue of gender, but he extensively focuses on the society and the people in it. He talks about morality and how people form moral judgments (Smith). This slowly relates to the issue of progress. A community will grow when people develop the right perceptions and embrace morality. People should be able to form sound judgments and come up with commendable decisions. However, his discussion is not limited to what to do or what to avoid but rather on directives on how people act and react. On the other hand, Wilchins believes that language is a crucial aspect of any society, as well as the aspects of masculinity and femininity. He outlines the essence of entailing efficiency which can primarily be attained through clear communication. In order to attain efficiency, it is imperative to have a more definite way of explaining gender. He outlines the essence of differences and exclusion to language and how important they are to forming meaning (Wilchins 40). His argument guides people towards understanding the important aspects to consider in any society and how the growth of the world has played a huge role in the definitions of people. Wilchins simply states that a lot of things depend on the people and their definition.This inquiry has helped me construct a distinct picture of the world without constant issues of gender. It is hard to imagine a world where there is no constant focus on gender. Imagine people doing the same activities without being judged on the grounds of their sexuality. However, this engagement helped me craft an image of such a world and it helped me understand that such a community would easily progress because it embraces all people and gives them a chance to change the community. The concept of exclusion effectively helps one focus on something by excluding other things. Therefore, I believe that gender has promoted development in a society. Women want to be considered as equal, and thus they have worked towards developing and outdoing their male compatriots while men have continued to want dominance and thus looking for new ways to grow. This has ultimately led t o developments in the society and has challenged both genders to want to improve.The issue of sensitivity is still confusing as to whether it is based on cultural norms, beliefs, and stereotypes or a scientific explanation. I feel that describing women as more sensitive is a stereotype rather than a scientific fact. However, I understood the essence of sensitivity and how it stimulates development. Wilchins argues that women and men are considered differently in a society (Wilchins). Men are the source of reason while women as still stereotyped as being too sensitive and emotional. However, this discussion further shows that a community needs both men and women. Just try to imagine a society filled with only men; does this society define success. It is crucial to understand that a society requires more than rational, well-thought decisions. It is vital to consider feelin...

Skills in Employees and Managers - 1165 Words

1)Transferring More than Learned in Training: Employees’ and managers’ (over)generalization of skills Introduction: this article aims to tell about the different personality traits of individuals which lead them to show improvement on untrained content after training on self reported training transfer. This article is based on conduct of 2 studies in the first study was aimed to examine the personality traits and skills that cause the improvement on untrained content after training by using field study. In 2nd study specific personality dimensions were examined which were responsible for improvement after training for the content that was not learned during training by the supervisors and managers through using field test. ïÆ'Ëœ Different personality traits of individuals also cause individuals to respond improvement on content that is not learned in training on self reported transfer of training. Literature Review: The participants who are high on conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability dimensions of personality are more likely to show improvement on content not learned during training in training transfer.( Dan S. Chiaburu*, Katina B. Sawyer** and Christian N.Thoroughgood) Conscientiousness is the driving force for overgeneralization on training transfer(S. Chiaburu*, Katina B. Sawyer** and Christian N.Thoroughgood). 2) The impact of practical relevance on training transfer: evidence from a service quality training program for German bank clerks. This studyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wolves Spirits And Skills That Enlighten Corporate Managers And Employees3084 Words   |  13 Pagestheir goals. This paper tries to analysis wolves’ spirits and skills that enlighten corporate managers and employees. 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Most corporate professionals will find themselves inRead MoreManagement Skills And Leadership Skills1528 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skill Builder Introduction Strong management and leadership is very crucial for business success. It helps in driving innovation, unlocking the potential of employees, as well as enabling the manager to drive growth and productivity. It is never fast, and it is not always simple to build up depth and strength in management or leadership capabilities. However, the possible benefits are vivid: increased performance and profitability, improved rates of survival, and better employee wellbeingRead MoreManagers responsibility1650 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities to achieve desired outcomes. A manager is someone who works with and through other people by co-ordinating their work activities to accomplish organisational goals. (Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.10) This definition states, the fundamental responsibility of a manager, is to accomplish the organisations objectives by getting things done through people. There are however several ways of conceiving managerial responsibilities, as a manager can be viewed from many different positionsRead MoreStrategies for Effective Managerial Communication and Listening1652 Words   |  7 Pageseffective skills in communication are necessary to maintain and increase the quality of our lives and relationships with our family, friends and coworkers. If we cannot communicate effectively, we may have misunderstandings within relationships. Besides, it would be very easy to become confused, frustrated and disappointed simply if we are unable to communicate appropriately with someone. Likewise, in business management, the process of communication between managers and employees would dramatically

Hercules A Greek Tale - 1170 Words

Hercules, or known in Latin as Heracles, was the greatest of the Greek heroes, a paragon of masculinity. In art Hercules was portrayed as a powerful, muscular man wearing lions skin and armed with a huge club. He was also described as being a macho man buffoon, who was very impulsive. Hercules’ home and birthing place is in Thebes, Greece. Thebes is a city in central Greece. It plays as an important setting in many Greek myths, such as the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus and many other important roles in Greek Mythology. The demigod, Hercules has an interesting origin, he is most famous for his 12 labors, and leaves a legacy in words and expressions. Hercules has an interesting origin. Hercules was conceived by Zeus of divine†¦show more content†¦She began questioning Hercules on why he had come. When he answered Hippolyta promised to give him the belt. Hera told the Amazonian warriors to prepare for battle against for a stranger has come to still the seat of their queen. Hercules saw the Amazonians coming after him he quickly killed Hippolyta. This leads to the great battle between Hercules the greek and the Amazonians. Once the enemy had been driven away Hercules carried the belt to King Eurystheus thus completing his mission. The 10th mission completed by Hercules was to obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon. Geryon was the son of Chrysaor and Callirrhoe. Chrysaor had sprung from the body of the Gorgon Medusa after Perseus beheaded her, and Callirrhoe was the daughter of two Titans, Oceanus and Tethys. With a such distinguished lineage there is no surprise that Geryon himself is unique. He has three heads and three legs all joined at the waist. The great monster kept a red cattle guarded by Cerberus’s brother, Orthus. The hound first attacked, and Hercules bashed him in the head with a club. Eurytion followed and the same result greeted him. A random herdsman told Geryon of the news. That Hercules was escaping with the red cattle (beeves) Geryon attacked him, and they fought to the death. Hercules won the mortal fight by piercing Geryon’s heart with an arrow. The 11th labor was to steal the Golden apples of Hesperides. The apples were guarded by a hundred-headed dragon named Ladon, and nymphs whoShow MoreRelatedHercules: A Greek Tale 1014 Words   |  5 PagesHercules, or known in Latin as Heracles, was the greatest of the Greek heroes, a paragon of masculinity. In art Hercules was portrayed as a powerful, muscular man wearing lions skin and armed with a huge club. He was also described as being a macho man buffoon, who was very impulsive. Hercules’ home and birthing p lace is in Thebes, Greece. Thebes is a city in central Greece. 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Greek mythology is superior as it puts more emphasis on the role of mortals, the appearance of gods is more relevant, and its origin is more interesting as it was original and came before theRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Disney Company Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pagesand John Musker created an adaptation of the well-known Greek myth of Hercules. In the Disney film Hercules is turned into a half god, half mortal by Hades by a poison. Raised as a human, Hercules is confused as he is told if he lives like a hero on Earth he will reclaim his place as a god. He learns from his friend Pegasus and his personal trainer the Satyr, that eventually with their helped he becomes a famous hero. Along the way Hercules meets Meg and falls in love. And whilst he does battle monstersRead MoreHamlet Allusions1079 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet to Claudius. Hamlet tells his mother, So excellent a king, that was to this / Hyperion to a satyr. (Ham. I ii 139-40). This allusion shows Hamlets high praise for his dead father as well as his extreme hatred for Claudius. Hyperion is the Greek sun god. By comparing his dead father to Hyperion, Hamlet does not just connect his father to a titan, but also the source of light and with that hope and happiness. The sun is what also sustains life. Hamlet is alluding to how his father was a greatRead MoreFranke nsteins Origin: Assessing Thompsons Argument for the Creatures Literary Ancestors 1443 Words   |  6 Pageswith references to John Miltons Paradise Lost and the ancient Greek myth of Prometheus, the story of Frankenstein seems, in many ways, very much like the Creature himself—which is to say, cobbled together from various scraps of previously existing parts. Terry W. Thompson, however, argues convincingly that scholars continue to ignore one of Frankensteins most influential literary antecedents: the Greek hero known as Hercules (Thompson 36). In his article, A Majestic Figure of August Dignity:Read MoreThe Legend Of Atlantis By Plato1681 Words   |  7 PagesAtlantis The legend of Atlantis was first introduced to the world at approximately 360 BC, by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his dialogues Timaeus and Critias who hear of the legend from Greek lawmaker Solon who was told of the tale by Egyptian priests during his visit to Egypt. In his dialogues, Plato describes an affluent and powerful nation which arose directly from the Greek God of the Sea, Poseidon. However, their opulence ceased as they became too greedy, wicked and impious which ledRead MoreOvercoming Impulsiveness968 Words   |  4 Pagesovercome them, avoiding tragic consequences. In Greek mythology, the characters Hercules and Odysseus both exist as impulsive individuals who do not acknowledge their own weaknesses. This common tragic flaw of impulsiveness between them causes each to damage those around them due to their inability to conquer their flaws. Only through the assistance of a mentor are they each able to trounce their common imperfection successfully. When Odysseus and Hercules act independently, those around them experienceRead MoreThe Greek Heros Triumph Over Monsters1477 Words   |  6 Pagesundoubtedly has one of the most interesting cultures in terms of its mythologies. Within Greek myths, the hero can be seen as representing good and can be either mortal or a demi-god. A mortal is an individual who is 100 percent human, and an example of a mortal hero within these myths Jason, of Jason and the Golden Fleece. A demi-god is defined as someone who is part human, but is also part god. In Greek myths, Hercules and Perseus are examples of demi-god heroes in their myths. Whether he be mortal or

Law of Double Taxation Conventions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Law of Double Taxation Conventions. Answer: Introduction: The present case study is concerned with the issue of determination of residential status of Jenny who worked as an accountant and had recently shifted to Australia for the purpose of providing advice to the large volume of former residents of Hong Kong on setting up the business in Melbourne. As evident from the case study, it is found that Jenny initially intended to stay for three months by travelling across the cities. Following the end of three months, Jenny complied to stay for more period, on being asked by the employer to take up the position in Sydney for an extended nine months. According to the Taxation ruling of TR 98/17, it lay down that an individual entering Australia for a period of more than six months as workers or employee with pre-arranged contracts of employment would be treated as the Australian resident (Lang, 2014). To determine the residential status of Jenny below stated test are conducted; Resides test Domicile test 183 days test As held in the case of FC of T v. Applegate (1979) residential status of an individual becomes the most vital aspect in determining the liability to impose tax on the Australian income (Miller Oats, 2016). In order to determine the residential status of the Jenny it is necessary to consider the definition of section 995-1 of the ITAA 1936 where an individual is considered as the Australian resident. One of the primary test of determining an individual residential test is resides test (Robin 2017). If an individual resides in Australia in respect of the ordinary meaning of the word, then no other form of test is applied in determining the residential status of the individual. As evident from the current case of Jenny, it can be stated that she is cannot be considered as an Australian resident under the resides test since she did not resided in Australia in respect of the ordinary meaning of the word Resides. The period of physical presence though forms important criteria in determining the residential status. When the behaviour of the consistent with the objective of residing in Australia is illustrated over a considerable period of time an individual is treated the Australian resident from the time the behaviour commences (Blakelock King, 2017). Additionally, if an individual enters to Australia with the intention of residing for a period less than six for a short term employment contract but the stay is extended in the later events to more than six months then they are regarded as the Australian resident from the time they arrived in Australia. As held in the case of Miesegaes v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1957) individuals entering in Australia in order to take up the pre-arranged employment opportunities or educational course may be residing in Australia if the stay is consistent with residing in Australia (Anderson et al., 2016). As evident from the current scenario of Jenny, it can be stated that she will be regarded as an Australian resident in terms of the period of stay since her initial intention of stay was for only three months. However, on accepting an employment contract of nine months demonstrated the behaviour that is consistent with residing in Australia. As stated in the Taxation ruling of IT 2650, an individual whose domicile is in Australia or has been in Australia constantly for a period of more than six months either intermittently or in breaks will be treated as Australian residents (Tran-Nam Walpole, 2016). In respect of the present study of Jenny Domicile test is applied to determine the residential status of her stay in Australia. In ascertaining an individual domicile in respect of the definition resident under subsection 6 (1) it is vital to determine an individual intention of stay to the country and make their home indefinitely. According to the rule of common law, an individual acquires the place of birth as the domicile of their origin (Coleman Sadiq, 2013). Nevertheless, the rule of common law is also subjected to certain exceptions where an individual is allowed to make their domicile of their own choice or place of abode in another nation. As held in the case of Henderson v. Henderson (1965) the intention of the person is required to be direction of making their indeterminately (Harris et al., 2013). In respect of the present case study of Jenny, it can be stated that the she bought a leased apartment in Sydney. Therefore, this primarily meets the criteria of subsection 6 (1) in acquiring the place of abode in accordance with her own choice of residing in Australia. As defined under section 6 (1) of the taxation rulings 2650 while ascertaining the place of abode it is vital to take account of the intention of the individual as to where an individual undertakes the decision of making their home (Kenny, 2013). As noticed from the present scenario of Jenny it can be stated that she has been present in Australia for constantly for a period of more than half of the income year since her arrival on 25th April 2016 and will be considered as the Australian resident since she complies with the criteria of domicile test. The 183 days test defines the necessary order in order to deviate the difficulties that occasionally originates in establishing the satisfaction that an individual is Australian resident. The test is generally applied under circumstances when an individual presence in Australia has been for more than half of the income year (Kenny et al., 2017). As evident from the current situation of Jenny, it can be stated that she has been present in Australia for more than six months constantly and leased a house in Sydney so that she can live. The present case clearly identifies the intention of Jenny of taking up the domicile in Australia and clearly meets the criterion of 183 days. Hence, on taking into the considerations the above defined test it can be stated that Jenny will be considered as the Australia resident from the time when she arrived in Australia. As defined by the Australian taxation office an individual getting lump sum payment from the employer is generally not considered as the capital gains therefore these lump sum possess more likely the nature of nature of ordinary income (Keyzer et al., 2015). The Australian taxation office regard lump sum in the form of inducement for the individuals to enter in to the agreement of employment. Therefore, it is ascertained that the receipt of lump sum is fundamentally connected with the provision of the employment. As an alternative, it can be asserted that the receipt of lump sum is viewed as the profit or gain from the isolated transition of the course of entering into the agreement of employment contract (Morgan et al., 2013). As evident from the current case study of Jenny, it can be stated that the lump sum amount that is received by her would be treated as the inducement of entering into the agreement of the employment. Therefore, it is assumed that the lump sum that is received by Jenny is fundamentally connected to the provision of the service of the employment. As an alternative, an assertion can be bought forward that the lump sum payment received by Jenny is in the form of profit from the isolated transaction and in the course of entering into the employment contract. The mere fact that the payment is considered in this respect as the one off lump sum payment and it is principally considered for the terms of the employment (Nethercott et al., 2014). Therefore, the lump sum received by Jenny is not having the characteristics of the capital receipt. The payment received by Jenny is considered as the assessable income since it is an income under the ordinary concept. Additionally the sum that is received by Jenny is in having the connection with employment. As defined under the section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 an amount will be treated as the taxable income given the fact that the income is in ordinary concepts. As held in the case of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Harris (1980) an amount will be considered as the ordinary income given that the payment received forms the part of the employment, service or any business (Woellner, 2013). Additionally, it also considers the form and character of the payments in the hands of the recipients or whether such payment is lump sum or periodically. It also considers the motive of the person making such payment. As evident from the current scenario of Jenny it can be stated that motive of the person, making payment of lump sum was to encourage her join Television network. The motive of the payer and the purpose of the individual in pursuing his or her activity must be determined whether the lump sum payment are assessable under the ordinary concepts as the income (Woellner et al., 2014). It can be argued in the present context of Jenny that the payment received by her is are not for regular expenditure nor they are treated as the reward for an activity. They are in the form of encouragement of joining the Television Network. Therefore, the amount that is received by Jenny would constitute income in ordinary sense and such income would be included in the taxable statement that will be liable for taxation. Statement of Taxable Income of Jenny For the year ended 2016 Particulars Reference Amount ($) Amount ($) Assessable Income Type Gross Salary Section 6-5 of ITAA 97 100000 Receipt of Lump sum Payment Section 6-5 of ITAA 97 400000 Total Assessable Income 500000 Allowable Deductions Nil Total Taxable Income 500000 Tax On taxable Income 198232 Medicare Levy 10000 Total Tax Payable 208232.00 Reference List: Anderson, C., Dickfos, J., Brown, C. (2016). The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?.INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL,24(2), 127-140. Blakelock, S., King, P. (2017). Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching.Proctor, The,37(6), 18. Coleman, C., Sadiq, K.Principles of taxation law 2013. Harris, J., Graw, S., Gilders, F., Kenny, P., Van der Waarden, N.2013 Theory and law in the regulation of business. Kenny, P. (2013).Australian tax 2013. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Kenny, P., Blissenden, M., Villios, S.Australian tax 2017. Keyzer, P., Goff, C., Fisher, A.2015 Principles of Australian constitutional law. Chatswood: LexisNexis Butterworths. Krever, R. (2013).Australian taxation law cases 2013. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Lang, M. (2014).Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. Linde Verlag GmbH. Miller, A., Oats, L. (2016).Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Morgan, A., Mortimer, C., Pinto, D. (2013).A practical introduction to Australian taxation law. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Nethercott, L., Devos, K., Gonzaga, L. (2014)Australian taxation study manual. ROBIN, H. (2017).AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press. Tran-Nam, B., Walpole, M. (2016). Tax disputes, litigation costs and access to tax justice.eJournal of Tax Research,14(2), 319. Woellner, R. (2013).Australian taxation law (2012). North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D.Australian taxation law 2014.

Kurt Cobain Essays (820 words) - American People Of German Descent

Kurt Cobain For our modern day hero we used the singer and songwriter Kurt Cobain from the band Nirvana. This punk Seattle band moved almost mainstream almost overnight. Nirvana caught on fast and changed rock and roll music forever and molded the music of the 90's, alternative. Cobain had an enormous amount of talent but unfortunately his life was cut short by a still controversial suicide in his Seattle home. On April 9, 1994, his body was discovered. He is a hero for many of today's troubled youth because his music influences how these troubled kids feel. They are able relate to Cobain and his music. Kurt Cobain was born in 1967. He lived with his sister and parents two hundred miles away from Seattle in the small logging town of Aberdine. His aunt, who helped him form his first band, introduced him to music at a very young age. His parents divorced when Kurt was only seven years old. Torn up by his parents' divorce, he went to live with his mother in a trailer. After the divorce, Kurt was forced to look at his life in a different light. Kurt became extremely anti-social, had few friends, and was picked on in school because kids thought he was gay or weird. Kurt started writing poetry at the age of thirteen, and when he was 14, he received his first guitar. Throughout high school he was in many bands- Fecal Matter, Skid Row, Brown Cow, The Sellouts and Pencap Chew. He formed Nirvana during his senior year of high school with his friends Chris Novoselic and Dave Grohl who Kurt called ?the world's best drummer.? Shortly after the band was formed, Kurt dropped out of high school, and his mother kicked him out of the house. Homeless, he lived under a bridge at the end of his street. It was here that he would spend time alone writing his own songs. From his parents' divorce to his mother pushing him out of the house, Kurt had become even more alienated from other people and life. He was very detached. Kurt hated the music of big rock bands like the Sex Pistols, Rolling Stones and Aerosmith. He felt their lyrics were sexist and pointless with no meaning. Kurt was a very sensitive and emotional person, a characteristic that showed through all of his songs. Eventually he became so famous that he a cult following. The songs exemplified the kids' world. In the song ?Dumb? Kurt sings, ?I think I'm dumb? over and over again to show how his years of neglect from his peers at high school and his family made him feel as if he was to blame. Kids relate to his music because it portrays how the world was so cruel and how he and the kids' were treated badly. He was responsible for the most creative rock music of the last decade. Kurt didn't have to hide behind face paint or wear tight clothes to grab attention as the other rock stars. He wore flannels and jeans, something that every other kid wore, and he wasn't ashamed by it. In one song ?Come As You Are? Kurt sings ?Come as you are as I want you to be.? He wanted to show the youth that they don't have to follow the crowd and do something someone else wants them to do to fit in. Every modern alternative song has a tint of ?Nirvanaism? in it. Just like bands that followed the Beatles, many groups that followed Cobain tried to sound or copy his same music pattern. In his music he didn't communicate in complete sentences or elaborate arguments. Instead his lyrics were a stream of conscious insights that inspired and appealed to the short attention span of his audience. We picked Kurt Cobain as a hero because he is different than the conventional hero who just goes out and saves lives. Kurt was an emotional leader for the troubled youth, and he gave them a place to escape from a life that was hard to live. His music gave them a hideaway from the harsh realities of the real world. All they had to do was listen, and they felt instant relief

Emile Durkheim Essays - Sociology Books, Sociology, Science

Emile Durkheim Essays - Sociology Books, Sociology, Science Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim was born in the eastern French province of Lorraine on April 15, 1858. He was the s on of a rabbi and descending from a long line of rabbis, he decided early that he would follow the family tradition and become a rabbi himself. He studied Hebrew, the Old Testament, and the Talmud, while following the regular course of in secular schools. He soon turned away from all religious involvement, though purposely not from interest in religious phenomena, and became a freethinker, or non-believer. At about the time of his graduation he decided that he would dedicate himself to the scientific study of society. Since sociology was not a subject either at the secondary schools or at the university, Durkheim launched a career as a teacher in philosophy. Emile Durkheim made many contributions to the study of society, suicide, the division of labor, solidarity and religion. Raised in a time of troubles in France, Durkheim spent much of his talent justifying order and commitment to or der. Durkheim was a pioneer French sociologist, taught at Bordeaux (1887-1902) and the University of Paris (1902-17). He introduced the system and hypothetical framework of accurate social science. Durkheim was author of The Division of Labour (1893), Rules of Sociological Method (1895), Suicide (1897), Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1915). Emile Durkheim has often been characterized as the founder of professional sociology. He has a great closeness with the two introductory sociologists, Comte and Saint-Simon. Durkheim willingly noticed the ideas of the Division of Labor and the Biological Analogy. Both ideas which had been differently well developed by Comte and Saint-Simon. Durkheims holism approach said that sociology should focus on and study large social operations and cultures. He used functionalism, an approach of studying social and cultural phenomena as a set of interdependent parts, to find out the roles these institutions and processes play in keeping social order. Because of this importance in large social processes and institutions, Durkheim's sociology can be described as macro-sociological as compared to a micro-sociological, which takes its starting point at the individual. Durkheim's main purpose was to give sociology a professional and scientific standing like other traditional social sciences. In order to do this, Durkheim argued that it was essential to clearly state the domain or area of study for sociology. He said that sociology's concern was with the social. This section of the social should be separated from the area of psychological and the individual. If there was to be something called sociology there should be a job just for sociology and sociologists. Durkheim said that the social was an independent physical existence, called a society. Durkheim argued that this society didnt depend on the plans and stimulation of individuals for its lasting existence. Society was 'thing-like'. So the social or society had a life and logic of its own. If this was the case then sociology had a purpose. Durkheim also went into the subject of religion. He said that the god concept was a false way [collective representation] of the power that groups used to shape the behavior of members. He thought of religion as a solution to the problem of solidarity, how to hold people together when they have conflicting interests. Durkheim looked to the activities of early religions in rituals. He said rituals were specific tools that implanted illustrations of that society in the members of the society. He suggested that these rituals honored the group and its identity and not the individual's identity. So the basic purpose of these religions and their rituals was to maintain social solidarity within those societies. So, the function of religion in those societies was the worship not of 'god' but of the society. He said there were other ways to get solidarity than by religion. He mentioned the division of labor, which is defined as the assignment of certain tasks, jobs, or work to be done by cert ain individuals, groups, and classes of people. Sex, age, education type and level, and the occupation area of one's family are the most traditional bases for distinguishing occupational activities. Durkhiem also explained suicide. He explained suicide in terms of the degree to which a person is joined into social life. At the

First peoples in Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First peoples in Canada - Research Paper Example The Residential School System The residential school system systematically undermined the culture of the Aboriginals and insinuated that it was not worth adopting or following at all costs. Aboriginal children were forcefully separated from their families for lengthy periods of time. During this separation, the children were given strict rules not to talk in their own language and do anything that is related to their culture. Breaking of these rules would lead to sever punishments (Hanson, 2013). It is a common knowledge that culture is passed down generations by the process of parents-children value transfers. By separating children from their parents for long durations of time, it was impossible for the Aboriginal culture to be passed down. The federal government and churches were aware of this because this was the chief objective of this school system – no wonder this system has been referred as a form of cultural genocide. In deed when the Prime minister Stephen Harper iss ued an official apology in regard to residential school system, he said that the system was based on a wrong assumption that â€Å"Aboriginal cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal† (Hanson, 2013, p. 1). It is therefore clear that the system was dehumanizing and directly insinuated that the Aboriginal culture was not worth following being inferior. The conditions in the school system were abusive and logically the system did not qualify to use the term ‘school’ in its title. Residential school staff has been accused of great abuses to which students were subjected to. The abuses alleged were physical, sexual, emotional and psychological (Hanson, 2013). According to Miller, the residential school system offered a net negative experience for students – students were said to look back with pain after passing through the system. Children spent a lot of time at the schools and never obtained the emotional support needed by children from their parents. Food was not enough for them and the clothes they were given were shabby and not warm enough especially for the winter seasons (Miller, 2012). This must have been psychologically disturbing to the children taking into consideration their tender ages – 16 years and below. The fact that they were constantly told their culture was inferior and they should never speak their native language must equally have been disturbing (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2013). Former students of this system have been pressing through litigation for compensation for suffering they were subjected to under this system. As an indication that students were abused under this system, the federal government has been undertaking measure to show its remorse. One such step is â€Å"the $1.9-billion compensation package for the survivors of abuse at Aboriginal residential schools† (Miller, 2012, p. 1). Students in the system were abused and their dignity was not upheld – accordi ng to Hanson (2013), many of them died due to the conditions and punishments. The experiences that students underwent in this system were dehumanizing. This system did not educate students as was expected being a school but instead just wasted their time. This system up to the 1950s operated on a

Criminal law newspaper article anyleses Assignment

Criminal law newspaper article anyleses - Assignment Example laws concerns the jurisdiction of disputes between different parties and with which the jurisdiction’s law is applied, we have also the constitutional and administrative law which deals with the governing of the interactions within a state. The aim of this paper is to analyze the three articles concerning the criminal law and thereby analyzing them with regard to legal issues involved and thereby giving views concerning the press reports’ overall accuracy. If there are any inaccuracies, the paper will identify the common reasons for inaccuracies depicted by those reports. According to the article in the Daily mail on-line, 15 January 2011 about the jail for Sainsbury’s IT boss who stole 17 million Nectar points’ the fraud crime is identified. Fraud is said to be a deception made for personal gain that the intentions is either to hurt another individual. Fraud is a civil law violation that is punishable. According to the article about Sainsbury’s he was able to fraud the Nectar points because he had access to the internal administration systems there for fraud occurs when one have the authority or connections to the individual or the intended media of fraud. His fraud was motivated by persona l greed of money, after carefully planning he found a way which he could implicate the fraud, Stevenson had worked in the Sainsbury’s company for 20 years before he was arrested of the Nectar points fraud. During his prosecution he gave an explanation for the fraud, he admitted that he had found a loophole in the system of the company that he used to put points to his own card. Therefore a fraud occurs when there are loopholes in a company that reads to people to gain access and manipulate the resources also being trusted can lead to manipulation of resource. Stevenson said that he was trusted employee so no one was looking over his shoulder. In relation to this Mr. Stevenson was given a penalty of 20 months in jail for the fraud. The related law according to

A History, a past, and a Trail Essay Example for Free

A History, a past, and a Trail Essay The discovery of the North American continent created, literally, an entirely new world. With the congestion of Europe and a desire for agricultural land, many from the East loaded upon massive carrier ships in sight of a new life. It was a long voyage across the Atlantic. The sight of the new world from off-shore had been described as salvation. What these settlers did not know was that they were entering into shore-side cities that were even more cramped than their original location. The flocking to America is what attributed to the congestion and size of New York itself. This degraded living conditions and created an entirely new form of social status that had never been seen by Europeans. Something needed to be done to spread out the population of the Eastern shore side. Luckily our rookie government, fresh out of a war, had a creative idea to promote a move to the West. These politicians, in a vote of fifty-two to fifty. decided to intervene by offering any married couple six-hundred and forty acres of land. This was the equivalent to one square mile of land. They labeled the effort: Manifest Destiny. One can imagine how tempting this sounds to factory workers and small time farmers. Previously to this, some early explorers thought it necessary to devise a route from East to West. Lewis and Clark were the first to map the journey. The route they took covered 2,170 miles and practically covered all of the land that was accessible to wagons(Wiki). After a little fine-tuning by John Jacob Astor, to avoid dangerous areas of the Rocky Mountains and hostile Blackfeet Indians, the Oregon Trail was set in stone. This sparked many to make the dangerous move from East to West. Settlers that lived in cramped suburbs and local Camp Towns now had the motivation to spread out their horizons in a search for wealth and happiness. Manifest Destiny developed from a dream to a reality. With all of this came the hearsay and rumors that many viewed as dangerous. Many had heard of the Dead Lands located in the South Western dessert. Fatal stories were told about land that was not suited for farming. Although this caused a delay among some settlers, many had no choice to move westward, and set off on to their destination. Starting in Kansas City, the Oregon Trail began following the Santa Fe Trail. The growth of Kansas City can be attributed to being at the start of the massive trail; Local business sky-rocketed within a few years (END). The need for supplies caused many stores to become profitable overnight. Since there wasnt much along the route to Oregon, many had to stock up for the long journey. Horses, food, and spare parts were just some of the many items a traveler would need to complete the journey (END). Many referred to the Kansas City area as The Docks, in reference to it being a loading dock for the expansion. After leaving Kansas City, and sticking to the rules of survival, wagons would use the natural terrain to their advantage. Many would stick to lower valleys that followed the river. After a few years, the trail was actually visible to those who traveled it; however, this does not seem to hold true for the remainder of the trip. Nebraska was in sight for most that started the trip. After crossing the Blue River it was just one river after another until arriving at the Rocky Mountains. Along the way, settlements began to form, which made the journey easier. The more who traveled, the easier it became. Many did not actually travel the entire route. If a good location or opportunity arose, families would start their new lives at that very spot along the trail (Wiki). Since many had no idea of where they were going to live when they completed their journey, it made sense that, if a good location was spotted along the way, that became their home. This is what forged cities and trade routes along the way. Even in the Rocky Mountains people began to settle. Mountain towns became good places to start the logging industry. With the rivers along the Oregon Trail flowing from North to South, logs from the Rockies found their way back down the trail to Kansas City. The direction of trade, however, was not a one-way street. The towns that were created along the trail needed supplies too. Many who traveled beyond the Rocky Mountains were sure to bring over-stocked supplies with them. Supplies were almost as valuable as gold on the Oregon Trail. Beyond the Rockies, it was pretty much a straight shot to Oregon. Following rivers one could go as far as Washington State. Many started homes in the forests of Oregon. After avoiding the southern desserts, it was clear that this area was suitable for cultivation and living. The only problem was that Oregon had harsh winters and very short windows of time for farming. New ways, such as the gold rush, were what sealed the fate of the northwestern states as being a contributing district of America. The settlers of western America were not just poor people looking for a way out of trouble. Many rich tycoons took advantage of the rising boom towns. When starting any venture, most people need a lender. Banks started to sprout at several points along the trail. In terms of business, it was common practice for towns to make their start, purely on credit. Many say that this is the reason the west side of the continent received venues for big business. It was until a newer improved method of transportation was devised that the Oregon Trail became the secondary path to the west. Until the invention of the Transcontinental Rail Road, the Oregon Trail was the main route for traversing the middle section of the country (Vance, 1961). People still relied on animal-based transportation and inefficient ways to cultivate their lands . This is where a change needed to take place the most in our country. Since the land was harder to farm and many were having a hard time finding the resources to do so, many believe that ingenuity was the only answer to the wests problems. The need of the settlers is what sparked the inventions that farmers were looking for. New methods of plowing and irrigation were among the advancements along the trail. It seems, though, that pure luck and not the Oregon Trail is the hammer that etched the fate of the western states into stone. The Gold Rush of 1848-1855 drove the remainder of the population to the west . The search for gold and prosperity could be seen in people throughout the country. Although most were left empty handed, they had at least gained a new home in the left side of our country. This new home would suit them nicely. In the end, the Oregon Trail can be said to have carved a path of prosperity along the horizon of our nation. The details of this can often be seen in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco. Many started on a destination of uncertainty and ended up with more than they had bargained for. The rest worked hard and put food on the plate. History is the only area that the Oregon Trail is used today. Even though US Highway number 26 practically parallels the trail, the duration of the trail stays in the culture and heritage of families that live in the Western United States. Works Cited http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/histhome.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail

The House Of The Seven Gables- Hawthornes Personal Reflections :: essays research papers

Nathanial Hawthorne. Considered to be one of the greatest American writers of the 19th century. But did you know that he hated portraits, and it is now thought that he was a mild manic-depressive? Born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. A decendant of a long puritan line of Hathorne's. His ancestry included his great-great grandfather, John Hathorne who was a judge at the Salem witch trials 112 years before Nathanial was born. Judge John Hathorne charged many with the crime of witchcraft,and condemned them to their deaths. Nathanial was embaressed by this and changed the spelling of his last name from Hathorne to Hawthorne. Alot of his family history, life experiences and where he lived influenced his writing greatly. Hawthorne had a cousin, Susannah Ingersoll. When he was young, in Salem, he would frequently visit her in her mansion, she lived there alone. The house had a secret staircase and once had seven gables. This house, Nathanial visited in his youth, was his inspiration for the house in his book " The House Of The Seven Gables". The story of The House Of The Seven Gables streches over two centuries. It's the classic scenario of two rival families, in this case the Pyncheons ( weathly aristocratic puritans) and the Maules ( humbler paupers). The story of these two families begins with Matthew Maule, who owned a certain amount of land and built himself a hut to live in, in this new puritan settlement. Maule was a hard working but obscure man, who was stubborn and protected what was his. His rival arrived at the settlement about 30 to 40 years after Maule had been there. Colonel Pyncheon, an ambicious and determined man, had a high position in the town. It was said that Colonel Pyncheon was very much for the execution of those who practiced witchcraft, and it was also said that he very strongly sought the condemnation of Matthew Maule for being a wizard. Pyncheon did manage to have Maule executed but not before Maule placed a curse on Pyncheon and his decendants. These were Maules exact words : " God, God will give him blood to drink !" Many of the characters in the book were influenced by actual people in and during Nathanial's life. For example : Colonel Pyncheon was based on The Reverend Wentworth Upham, a Minister and mayor of Salem. He wrote the books : Lecture's on Withcraft and History of Witchcraft and Salem Village. The Maule name was derived from Thomas Maule, a Quaker merchant living in Salem at the time of the trials.

The Arctic Monkeys album Whatever People Say I Am Thats What Im Not and the reality TV Show Popstars

The Arctic Monkeys album â€Å"Whatever People Say I Am That's What I'm Not† and the reality TV Show Popstars: The Rivals which produced the band Girls Aloud used innovative but very different marketing techniques to sell themselves to their target audiences. How have those strategies changed from previous techniques to make music more accessible to audiences? The music industry is a worldwide business covering many genres and it is hard to define it as one single thing. Within the music industry are a large range of different markets, all targeting their products and musicians to very different audiences. There are many aspects to the music industry that need to be considered in terms of image, audience, audience size and genre. These will all affect the way a band is marketed to its audience. It is well known that â€Å"making it† in the music industry as an artist is no easy task. Over the past 40-50 years, many bands have tried and failed spectacularly. However, some have flourished and made their mark in music history, such examples include â€Å"The Beatles†, â€Å"Queen† and â€Å"The Rolling Stones†. Audiences that need to be considered by music marketers are divided into a wide range of categories such as age, gender, occupation, social grouping, region etc. In order to target specific audiences effectively, bands may need to be branded in a certain way. Branding is usually described in terms of products and is where the product is given a certain image and personality traits in order to appeal to its audience. For example, the brand Levis describes itself as â€Å"Sexy, Original and American† therefore personifying its products. In terms of bands, branding should incorporate image and music style, especially when targeting niche groups of people. Over the years, there have been clear differences in audience, shown by their different personal images e. g. Punks, Mods, Grungers, Goths etc. Marketing of bands has to adapt and be completely specific to the typical audience of that music genre and so must be presented in an appropriate style that will sell their music. People are eager to buy into the brand of a band by incorporating that certain image into their personal appearance and lifestyle. For some bands, promotional tactics must fiercely focus on image to sell the product to that particular audience who are themselves branded a certain way. This effort by record labels to promote bands by appealing and emphasizing a certain image is becoming increasingly popular. Scissor Sisters are one example of a band who's image is a central focus of who they are and what they do. Their image is evident of records companies efforts to appeal to particular audience niches. Although in the USA Scissor Sisters have had much less success than they have had in Britain (many main stores such as Wal*Mart did in fact refuse to stock the first album due to their image and portrayal) they still vigorously emphasize their happy, camp image. In their videos they have used varying techniques to play on the ideas of sexuality in our modern society, thus creating a new and varied piece which is not comparable with anything from the past. They frequently use a colourful range of backdrops which are sometimes quite cosmic or fantastical (e. g. in the videos for â€Å"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'† and â€Å"Take Your Mama†. in one of their earlier videos for the single â€Å"Filthy Gorgeous† MTV were forced to eventually stop showing much of the content of the video as it contained sexually semi-explicit scenes. This did cause some controversy as complaints were made about the content of the video, this only sought to increase popularity and radio air play of the single which eventually achieved a chart position of number 5 in January 2005 and number one in the dance chart. Scissor Sisters although new in terms of its topical coverage of sexuality also dates back to the era of glam rock, their influences are also seen to be varying e. the Bee Gees, Duran Duran, Queen, David Bowie etc. Therefore they may appeal to some of the older generations as well as to members of the gay scene, for whom they have become a major symbol in British society. They have also broadened to reach a younger audience through their success in the UK Charts and frequent air play on radio stations aimed at the 11-25/30 age group such as Radio 1. This in itself shows how the branding and image of a band is adamantly important if people are going to want to relate and buy into the music and values of that band and why i t is such a major focus for record companies. A major tool for music marketers in recent years has been the Internet. From vinyl to cassettes to CD's to downloading files, music has developed with technology over the past 40 years. The increasing accessibility for people to music was brought about originally by the increasing numbers of record stores and increasing interest in different music. In the early 1970's, for example, Richard Branson originally ran a mail order service for buying records, this then developed into â€Å"Virgin Megastore†, a high street chain that made music readily available to a larger audience. The development of access to music continued steadily throughout this period with the introduction of more music extravaganzas such as festivals and in the 1980's, the launch of MTV, the first television channel to be entirely music orientated. The development in technology allowed widespread access to different audiences, as nearly every media division began to cover aspects of music e. g. TV, Radio, genre specific magazines etc. It fast became difficult to avoid exposure to music and its marketing. The rise in popularity of the internet as a promotional medium today demonstrates this idea. In recent years, the Internet has become far more accessible to more people. This has led to increases in Internet marketing as a new way of letting everyone know about an artist. It is reasonably cost effective and the audience is a mass one, spanning the entire world (the number of people using the internet worldwide (as of November 27th 2006) was estimated at 1,076,203,987) A recent positive example of Internet marketing can be seen in the rise of the band â€Å"The Arctic Monkeys† to fame. The bands marketing strategy has been clear-cut in showing the importance of fans to a bands success. This began in 2003, after several gigs, the Arctic Monkeys decided to burn their tracks onto CD's to give away for free to fans. Due to limited copies, many of the fans ripped the music onto their computers in order to share the files with others through mediums such as instant messaging, e-mails and forums. The band did not object to the increased sharing of files, although this was technically illegal, as it led to increased popularity of the band, as they became better known. This can be identified through an article and chart written by Heather Hopkins (Director Of Research for Hitwise UK website), November 11th 2005, shown in Figure 1 in the appendix and supported by the following quotation: â€Å"The first chart below shows that in April, when the band was virtually unknown, visits to www. arcticmonkeys. com came from chat rooms and blogs. Search engines became a more important source of visits in June as the band's name recognition grew. † This clearly demonstrates the importance of viral marketing to the success of the band. Many mainstream music brands are slightly wary of viral marketing, despite its benefits it can prove quite negative and can also lead to illegal sharing and music being leaked onto the Internet prior to its official release, for example in 2002, Eminem's album Encore was leaked on to the internet and the promoters were forced to bring the date of official release forward. As much as bands can gain high acclaim and popularity through forum and chat room discussion, there is also the risk they could gain a lot of negative criticism, which would discourage people from buying their music and merchandise. Another example of effective Internet marketing, also used by The Arctic Monkeys and many other bands, are sites such as My Space and Yahoo music. My Space offers bands own personal pages where people can easily leave their own comments on the songs and the bands performance at recent gigs as well as listening to the songs free of charge or accessing previews of up and coming releases. Many bands also publish their tour dates on My Space. My Space has generally appealed to a mass, younger audience from around 13-30 of both sexes, this is typically as a lot of the music promoted by My Space is new and there are fewer My Spaces for some of the older bands and therefore there is little to interest older audiences. It is also widely believed that todays young people are of the â€Å"technological revoloution† and the general acceptance is that computers are of more interest to them than some other older audience members. The popularity of My Space is now leading to other websites such as Bebo and Xanga being formed which offer similar services. This again broadens the scope by which music promoters can publicise their musicians to different audiences. Rupert Murdoch, the owner of BskyB, The Times, News Of The World and The Sun recently purchased (through his international company News Corp. ) the company Intermix Media Inc which own My Space among other themed social networking websites for $580 million. Murdoch is often seen as a dominant figure in British Media, and rightly so as he owns two of the leading newspapers. He is thought to be partially responsible for swinging to the side of the Labour party in 1997 and there by causing the election of PM Tony Blair, who soon became a close ally of Murdoch's, much like Thatcher before him. Many British citizens feel threatened by Murdoch's media power, yet still many of them buy into the My Space idea and the revenue continues building as more and more diverse and newly established bands start using My Space as the beginning of their steps to promote music. Increased hits on the site means more powerful companies advertising in association with My Space, therefore leading to higher annual revenue for Murdoch. This shows evidence of the importance of internet advertising to modern business. Yahoo Music is another excellent promotional tool, which has a wide variety of music videos available free for public viewing. It also runs special features on certain bands as well as exclusive interviews and performances. This has proved extremely popular with bands and promoters alike, as it is a cheap form of marketing which is also highly effective. It requires little advertising as most fans of the bands are already aware of the bands website and they are usually linked to their My Space etc. Viral marketing acts as the main promotional form behind the internet promotion phenomenon. Viral marketing refers to marketing techniques that use existing social networks to increase brand awareness, they may include many internet based mediums such as blogs (many bands use blogs to create on tour diaries e. g. Watford based band Mohair. ) chat rooms and instant messaging are also forms of Viral marketing. Throughout the 20th century, technology has experienced many developments and decades of technological advance, in particular in more media orientated areas. For example, the 50's became the era of the television. More and more families owned television sets in the UK and this was clear when 20 million tuned in on the 2nd of June 1953 to watch the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. This showed just how popular television was becoming as a medium for broadcasting what was going on in the world. This technological revolution continues today as we go through what has become widely known as â€Å"The digital revolution†. Television has expanded further to include more and more channels, which can appeal to smaller, niche audiences. This has been of great value to musicians and their promoters; they can now target their audience more specifically. For example, a band like the Arctic Monkeys who have become more of a â€Å"mainstream† rock act may be promoted through general chart music channels such as TMF and The Hits who appeal to those interested in that area of music. On the other hand, acts like Marilyn Manson and Iron Maiden may be promoted on Kerrang! As they are aimed at a more niche audience and are not so much part of the chart music industry. Kerrang! Is already an established brand in itself, the magazine from which it originates was first published in 1981 and originally covered a lot of new wave British metal. If people have certain expectations of a television channel, they can make the decision as to whether it interests them or not and if it does the niche audience for that genre can be targeted effectively by the music promoters. The increase in channels has led to a wider variety in television broadcasting. As a result, to keep the publics interest, terrestrial channel corporations such as the BBC and ITV have realised they need to develop newer more innovative programmes to keep up their audience figures. This is particularly important for Channels 4, 5 and ITV, Who unlike the BBC receive no public funding and gain all their income from advertisers. In order to increase viewing figures and boost profits, the channels have tried many different tactics and one of these has been the increasing development of Reality TV. Reality television is a genre of programming in itself, which usually presents unscripted pieces and may document actual events or people. The use of real people instead of actors has led to a real explosion in the use of reality TV since around 2000 when Big Brother began in the UK. Comparatively to 10 years ago it is now much easier to become a celebrity, and in a society that is becoming more and more celebrity obsessed, this has increased the popularity of reality shows where normal every day people are documented. The audience almost craves the â€Å"fly on the wall† type documentary where they are able to perceive and form their own judgements of others through surveillance. Simon Fullers â€Å"Pop Idol† originally kicked off the music and talent based reality television we know today. Simon Fuller was well know already in the music industry for being the manager of the Spice Girls during their highly successful mid-1990's period. He was also responsible for the band S Club 7 who were formed to appear in the children's television series LA 7 and Miami 7. The idea for â€Å"Pop Idol† proved exceedingly popular in the UK as hopeful singers entertained the nation with notorious displays of â€Å"talent† on our television screens. Fuller went on to develop this idea in other countries such as America. The first series of American Idol was highly successful and was responsible for the discovery of Kelly Clarkson, now a hugely popular international pop star. The basic format of the programme has led to various spin offs including more recently X Factor and in September 2002 â€Å"Popstars: The Rivals†, which resulted in the band Girls Aloud. The show aimed to whittle down the thousands of contenders that auditioned to just two 5 piece groups of boys and girls, One True Voice and Girls Aloud. The current success of Girls Aloud has proved that even manufactured bands can succeed in the record industry if they are promoted and marketed in the right way. A manufactured band is a group of people put together by a record company, or in this case a television show in order to make a profit and give publicity to the medium through which they are published. Manufactured bands are often selected because of looks rather than actual talent in an attempt to appeal to a modern society where beauty and appearance is clearly adamantly important. In relation to Reception Analysis however, not everyone reacts in the same way to the presentation of these manufactured bands, although younger audiences may seem them as figures they can aspire to be, critics often think of manufactured bands as being damaging to the music industry and synthetically artificial. In the 1960's, the first manufactured band â€Å"The Monkees† were brought together as the central focus for a television show of the same name in LA, California. However, the real era of the generic manufactured â€Å"girl/boy bands† began in the nineties. In an attempt to focus on a younger audience, record companies compiled different individuals with certain images in order to appeal to different segments of that audience. Bands such as The Spice Girls, Atomic Kitten, Take That, N*Sync and Backstreet Boys all enjoyed chart success in the nineties and many critics have now built a formula of these bands that is easily recognisable. The media critics and the public have developed a definite dislike for these manufactured artists. Therefore it is questionable as to why Girls Aloud have been so successful. Girls Aloud have been innovatively marketed right from the start of their careers in 2002. They began as contestants on a television show and viewers watched their progress all the way to the final. The Uses and Gratifications theory suggests that for a television show to captivate its audience, it should incorporate certain methods that allow the viewers to interact, relate and enjoy watching the characters in the programme. In the case of Girls Aloud, following their progress allowed viewers to develop personal relationships with the girls as they were regularly featured on an almost daily basis between September and December of 2002. An added benefit to the band was that their first single â€Å"Sound Of The Underground† was put up against their rivals One True Voice for Christmas Number one that year, this in itself generated considerable publicity for the band. In Chart history, the Christmas number one shows a true landmark for an artist and to reach is considered a yearly achievement. Girls Aloud succeeded in gaining the Christmas number one position for that year pushing their opponents to one side. Again, the idea of â€Å"Girl Power†, originally an element of the Spice Girls in the nineties was some what revived which may have given the band further appeal, especially to a younger audience. The beginnings of Girls Aloud and the Popstars: The Rivals show generated a lot of media interest especially from the tabloid newspapers. Particularly, the scandal involving potential band mates being disqualified from the show, or in the case of Nicola Ward, refusing to sign the contract. This proved to be good for the group and initiated promotion of the bands image, even before the television series ended. When Girls Aloud then officially began their career as a band they had effectively been given a boost already by the television shows and so they already had an established fan base, giving them much advantage over bands starting from scratch. This was a similar tactic to that used by â€Å"The Monkees† 40 years previously, however developments in technology and increased television ownership and availability of channels made this all the more effective for Girls Aloud. From these origins, Girls Aloud have been marketed using many different media forms. The girls themselves are seen as the typical models of female perfection that are such role models to young girls. They are regularly featured in such gossip magazines as Heat, Closer and OK! And so they are a central focus in today's modern celebrity obsessed society. Girls Aloud have been described as remaining â€Å"constant tabloid fodder†. Suggesting their marketing strategy is to gain as much press attention as possible in order to increase their music and merchandise sales. In June 2006, the band successfully generated a large amount of press coverage through a variety of stories and scandals in the tabloids and celebrity magazines. One such example was the press coverage of Cheryl Tweedy's relationship with Ashley Cole and her holidaying with the â€Å"WAGS† at the World Cup. This was a frequent feature throughout the summer months in all the gossip magazines and red top tabloids. Although not planned as such, this also acted as a promotional tool for the band as Cheryl, as their representative, was showing a more glamorous, rich image. Her association with well known celebrities e. g. Victoria Beckham also meant that she was receiving more media attention for the band from a larger audience which could potentially increase their international scope of fans and record sales. This increase of public interest may have also been part of the plan to further promote the bands other promotional tactics, for example their â€Å"Fly-On-The-Wall† Documentary â€Å"Girls Aloud: Off the Record†. Image is of course a central focus of the Girls Aloud current marketing strategy, they have a large male fan base and so their portrayal must be one that emanates both beauty and sex appeal as it is common media knowledge that â€Å"Sex Sells†. A recent criticism of bands like Girls Aloud and other popular female media figures is that they are projecting a bad image as role models to younger females. Society has quickly become celebrity obsessed, especially as it is now more easy to become a celebrity than ever and the â€Å"perfect body image† has never been more important in the media than it is now. Eating disorders in young females are increasingly being blamed on the media as people strive for â€Å"perfection†. This problem has been largely illustrated recently by the decision by Milan Fashion Week to not include the so called â€Å"Stick thin women† and also Spanish fashion Week â€Å"Ban on skinny models†. However, anorexia is still proving a continuing problem in this country. Another flaw in the bands representation was in January 2003 when Cheryl Cole became involved in an altercation in a nightclub with a toilet attendant, Cole was subsequently charged with racially aggravated assault (She apparently called the toilet attendant a â€Å"black bitch† among other racial insults) and later convicted to a i500 fine and 120 hours community service. This story was a major one in 2003 for all the tabloids and gossip magazines and did little to enhance the girls image as a whole. Four years on from this incident, the girls have been constantly striving to move away from this negative press to gain a more positive image, but one that still exudes beauty and sex appeal. Through promotion of the band Girls Aloud, the image focus means that they are always expected to have a certain glamorous look, if this is not achieved they are likely to receive criticism. However, music promoters must be careful in how they deal with the sensitive issue of eating disorders in relation to their band members in order to keep the press happy and in order to keep fans satisfied. Certain expectations are put on major female media icons appearances, and as suggested by the hypodermic needle theory, if the audience see these icons, they may connote certain beliefs about their image. The hypodermic needle theory suggests that the audience are passively fed these values and ideas and as today's society's obsession with personal image becomes stronger, it is clear the issue needs to be tackled delicately by celebrities and bands such as Girls Aloud. Berger suggested that â€Å"Men act women appear† and this is true to some extent in the case of Girls Aloud, despite their appeal to a younger audience, they often flaunt their sexuality to gain media attention and attention from fans. However they are in some control as they conduct the publicity and their ultimate aim is to entertain fans and make a profit. Figure 3 (See Appendix) is from the magazine â€Å"Arena† published by company EMAP. The magazine is promoted as a more male adult read than â€Å"Lad Mags† such as FHM and Maxim and may focus on more of a B, C1, C2 audience category. It runs a variety of articles on food, films, technology, sex, fitness, music etc and this cover is taken from the March 2005 issue. This front cover features two members of Girls Aloud; Sarah Harding and Cheryl Tweedy. Many connotations are immediately apparent from this cover, connotations which demonstrate the ideas behind their image focussed promotional strategy. The stance of the two girls and their clothing immediately gives suggestion of sexual innuendo, the girls are selling the magazine on this image as it is likely to be the first thing someone will see when they pick it up. The colour of their outfits, black again fits in with the idea of sexual connotations and the fact that Sarah seems to be holding on and in control of Cheryl acts as another sexual suggestion. The image has been taken at a low angle and is lit quite dimly, the lower angle may seek to show their features as well as portraying them as quite domineering and women of sexual prowess, the dim lighting adds enigma to the scene which fits with the subheading â€Å"Warning: contains scenes of an adult nature! and encourages the reader to buy the magazine to see what's inside. Although not typical of all Girls Aloud promotional tactics in written media, this front cover focuses on one segment of their target audience effectively. A more recently developed promotional technique for many celebrities are so called â€Å"Fly on the Wall† documentaries, popularised by programmes like â€Å"The Osbournes† and â€Å"Newly Weds†. Girls Aloud were quick to follow in the footsteps of these programmes when in April 2006 they launched the six-part series â€Å"Girls Aloud: Off the Record† on E4. This promotional tactic was a little different to conventional tactics used by bands for many years, such as posing for magazine covers. It aimed to show the realities of life within the band and in contrast to their image based promotion, it showed the regular ups and downs of the band. This insight into the band could have varying affects on audience members, the idea that they are â€Å"plucked from obscurity to become Britain's most successful girl group ever† could induce personal identity with the band members. There is a realisation here that they were just ordinary people before they formed the group, therefore the audience may better understand their hectic lives and can relate to that as members themselves of our fast paced modern society. The idea behind this promotional tactic would have been to increase awareness of the band and to also encourage people to re-form personal relationships with the band members as they may have done during Popstars: The Rivals. Again, showing the realities of life in the band, like Viral marketing, may have a negative impact on the audience, but it still generates publicity. The opening sequence of Episode One â€Å"Girls Aloud: Off The Record† demonstrates and connotes some of the ideas and values at the base of the bands formation. The opening shot shows the girls being introduced on a stage type setting, with curtains slowly drawing back to reveal them all dancing, this is then quickly followed by some fast edited shots of some of their promotion e. g. press taking pictures, performing, photo shoots etc. The colour and clothing codes used here are very glamorous and colourful and are likely to appeal to the younger trendy female audience that are often seen as one of the bands targeted fan bases. The image of glamour and of the girls having a good time is then balanced out by some more negative portrayals which show Girls Aloud in a contrasting light e. g. showing them swearing, some of the tabloid headlines are shown about them, arguments etc. This juxta-pose of two images acts as a teaser as to what is to come in the programme and even for those unfamiliar with the band, they may still be drawn in to watching the show. Syd Fields theory, although more generally applied to film, can still be applied here and demonstrates the importance of the first 5 minutes of a programme being essential for captivating an audience. In order for marketers to successfully gain fans of the band, the captive audience must be able to gain both surveillance and personal relationships to keep them interested. In this case, the use of voiceovers, talking head shots and the non diagetic sound of one of there popular singles in the background seeks to intensify the audiences curiosity. The interviews and shots seem a very random selection of clips and are enigmatic enough to encourage viewers to keep watching. Although the band is shown in two different lights here, it is clear the glamour could still potentially appeal to audience members and encourage them to relate and therefore like the band. In the past, other bands have also generated publicity through television appearances, on shows such as Top of the Pops, Later With Jools Holland and Friday Night With Jonathan Ross. These are seen as more covert promotional tactics used by PR not to necessarily directly advertise the band to the audience, but to target those who do not necessarily normally take an interest in celebrities and the music industry and who can be reintroduced into that idea through general television viewing. Some of the less conventional techniques used by bands have succeeded in generating the most publicity. One such example is the well renowned incident of punk rock band The Sex Pistols appearing on the early evening broadcast of the â€Å"Today† programme on the 1st of December 1976. Having taken full advantage of facilities backstage and following copious amounts of alcohol, the band caused outrage amongst viewers by openly swearing and being offensive to the equally drunk host Bill Grundy, whose career ended abruptly as a consequence. This â€Å"Filth and Fury† prompted increased public interest in the UK punk scene that was developing at the time and although it led to hostile press and local authorities cancelling gigs, it generated much publicity and for the band and reinforced the rebellious punk image. The bands continued antics built them a reputation which increased their popularity amongst teenage audiences, who were eager to rebel against societies codes and conventions of that time. This proves that even risqui promotional tactics such as that of the Sex Pistols can prove hugely successful and they are still a world renowned band to this day. Music promotional techniques have expanded in recent years with the development of new technology and trends and continue to be highly innovative. The â€Å"Digital revolution† has played a major part in this with new areas for advertising such as the Internet and more Television channels aimed at different market segments. The strategies have developed from some earlier successful music promotion tactics to effectively portray musician image and to also target more specific, niche audiences. The internet is likely to remain core to this developing range of promotion and with increasing numbers of people downloading songs online, and it may well dominate all future marketing techniques.